Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textWestern Equine Encephalitis | Western Equine Encephalitis |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 062; ICD-10 A83.1 | ICD-9 062; ICD-10 A83.1 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textNone. | none. |
AgentAgent - Original textWestern equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), an enveloped, spherical, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. WEEV is believed to have descended from an ancestral recombinant derived from eastern equine encephalitis virus and Sindbis virus. | western equine encephalitis virus (weev) |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textPrincipally birds, secondarily rabbits, poultry. | principally birds, secondarily rabbits, poultry. |
VectorVector - Original textMosquitoes. In North America, the primary vector of WEEV for the enzootic cycle is Culex tarsalis. WEEV is transmitted to humans and horses by bridging mosquitoes (e.g. Ochlerotatus melanimon and Aedes species). | mosquitoes |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textMosquito bite. There is no direct person-toperson transmission. | mosquito bite. |
CycleCycle - Original textMosquito to reservoir animal to mosquito. There is an enzootic cycle, mainly between C. taralsis and passerine birds. There is a secondary cycle that involves rabbits. Viremia lasts 2–5 days in birds. Extrinsic cycle in the mosquito lasts up to 7 days but transmission can occur in as little as 4 days. Humans and horses are dead-end hosts for WEEV because their viremia is generally not high enough to infect mosquitoes. | mosquito to reservoir animal to mosquito. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textUsually 2–7 days. | Usually 2–7 days. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textInfections are generally asymptomatic to mild. WEE can present as an influenza-like illness with sudden onset fever, severe headache, chills, and myalgia. Other symptoms are: retro-orbital pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The disease can progress to more severe disease with encephalitis and death. Encephalitis occurs in about 13% of infected cases. Absence of a rash distinguishes it from dengue and Mayaro fevers. Younger children with WEE are more severely affected neurologically and fatally. About 30% of infants develop serious neurologic sequelae. The overall CFR for WEE is 3–7%. | infections are generally asymptomatic to mild. wee can present as an influenza-like illness with sudden onset fever, severe headache, chills, and myalgia |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textSerology or RT-PCR on blood or CSF; virus isolation. | serology or rt-pcr on blood or csf; virus isolation. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textSupportive, there is no specific treatment. | supportive |
PreventionPrevention - Original textPersonal anti-mosquito precautions; there is no vaccine for WEE. | personal anti-mosquito precautions |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textWEEV was first isolated during an equine epizootic in California in 1930. Eight years later WEEV was isolated from a fatal humanWEE case in California. TheWEEV distribution is limited to the Americas with human epidemics occurring in North America west of the Mississippi river and Brazil. WEEV does not occur at higher altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. In the USA it overlaps with eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in Texas, Indiana, Wisconsin, Tennessee, and Michigan. It is absent from Central America (except Veracruz, Mexico). In South America, WEEV epizootics occur periodically in northern Argentina. The WEEV vector, Culex tarsalis, is associated with irrigated agriculture and stream drainages. The WEEV cycle in warmer regions is maintained and in colder areas it can be reintroduced by migratory birds or remain in an unknown reservoir host species. Between 1964 and 2005, there were 639 confirmed human WEE cases in the USA. In temperate regions the disease is seasonal with cases appearing during the warmer summer months. The incidence declined to less than 10 cases per year since 1988. | weev was first isolated during an equine epizootic in california in 1930. theweev distribution is limited to the americas with human epidemics occurring in north america west of the mississippi river and brazil. in the usa it overlaps with eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) in texas, indiana, wisconsin, tennessee, and michigan. it is absent from central america (except veracruz, mexico). in south america, weev |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |