Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textVenezuelan Equine Encephalitis | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 066.2; ICD-10 A92.2 | ICD-9 066.2; ICD-10 A92.2 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textVenezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan equine fever, Mucambo virus fever. | venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, venezuelan equina fever, mucambo virus fever. |
AgentAgent - Original textVenezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), an enveloped, spherical, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. Epizootic or epidemic VEE viruses belong to subtypes IAB and IC. Enzootic VEE complex viruses belong to subtypes II to VI and ID, IE, and IF.With the exception of IE strains, these do not cause disease in equids, but can cause sporadic disease in humans. VEEV is considered a potential biological warfare agent. | venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textPrincipally sylvatic rodents; also marsupials, bats, and shore birds may be involved in the enzootic virus cycle. | principally sylvatic rodents |
VectorVector - Original textMosquitoes. The main vector of enzootic VEEV is the Culex (Melanoconion) spp. (Spissipes group). During VEEV outbreaks, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus is often the main vector in coastal regions. Epizootic/epidemic subtypes of VEEV are transmitted by mosquitoes of many different genera. | mosquitoes |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textMosquito bite. Direct person-to-person transmission has not been documented. | mosquito bite |
CycleCycle - Original textMosquito–reservoir animal–mosquito. Humans are dead-end hosts. Equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are amplifying hosts for the epidemic subtypes of VEEV, with high viremias that can infect a wide range of mosquitoes. Half of infected equids die from VEEV. Viremia lasts 2–5 days in birds and 3 days in equids. Extrinsic cycle in the mosquito lasts up to 7 days but transmission can occur in as little as 4 days. | mosquitito–reservoir animal–mosquito. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textUsually 2–3 days. | Usually 2–3 days. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textInfections are often mild, with more severe neurologic disease in 4–14% of the cases that may progress to death. VEEV infection often presents like an influenza-like illness. Severe encephalitis is less common in adults as compared to children. Absence of a rash distinguishes it from dengue and Mayaro fevers. About 30% of survivors have neurological sequelae. CFR for VEE is <1%. VEEV infection may cause stillbirths. | infections are often mild, with more severe neurologic disease in 4–14% of the cases that may progress to death. veev infection often presents like an influenza-like illness. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textSerology or RT-PCR on blood or CSF; virus isolation. | serology or rt-pcr on blood or csf; virus isolation. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textSupportive, there is no specific treatment. | supportive |
PreventionPrevention - Original textPersonal anti-mosquito precautions. Inoculation of equids with live, attenuated TC-83 VEE vaccine blocks amplification; this vaccine is available to laboratory personnel but not to the public. VEE isinfectious if airborne and can cause infections in laboratory staff. | personal anti-mosquito precautions. inoculation of equids with live, attenuated tc-83 vee vaccine blocks amplification |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textVEEV was isolated for the first time in 1938 from a diseased horse in Venezuela. The VEEV distribution is limited to the Americas, and predominantly in Central and South America. In 1995, a large outbreak with approximately 100,000 human cases, of which 300 were fatal, happened in Colombia and Venezuela. The Guajira peninsula (region in northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela) has the highest disease burden, probably due to a large donkey population that serves as an amplifying host. In 2005, human VEE cases were detected for the first time in Bolivia, cause by a new Bolivia–Peru ID genotype. Typical VEEV enzootic habitats are lowland forests and swamps in (sub)tropical areas of the Americas, from northern Argentina up to southern USA (Florida and Colorado). Enzootic subtype distribution generally does not overlap, except in the Amazon regions. | veev was isolated for the first time in 1938 from a diseased horse in venezuela. the veev distribution is limited to the americas, and predominantly in central and south america. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |