Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textSchistosomiasis, Asia | Schistosomiasis, Asia |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 120; ICD-10 B65 | ICD-9 120; ICD-10 B65 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textBilharziasis, snail fever, Katayama fever or syndrome, intestinal schistosomiasis. | bilharziasis, snail fever, katayama fever or syndrome, intestinal schistosomiasis. |
AgentAgent - Original textTrematode worms Schistosoma japonicum, S. malayensis, and S. mekongi. | trematode worms schistosoma japonicum, s. malayensis, and s. mekongi. |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textHumans, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, water buffalo and wild rodents for S. japonicum, rodents for S. malayensis, pigs and dogs for S. mekongi. | humans, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, water buffalo and wild rodents for s. japonicum, rodents for s. malayensis, pigs and dogs fors. mekongi |
VectorVector - Original textFreshwater snails: Oncomelania spp. for S. japonicum, Robertsiella spp. for S. malayensis, Neotricula spp. for S. mekongi. | freshwater snails: oncomelania spp. for s. japonicum, robertsiella spp., neotricula spp and s. malayensis. |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textContact with freshwater bodies containing cercariae that penetrate skin or mucous membranes; drinking contaminated water (less common). | contact with freshwater bodies containing cercariae that penetrate skin or mucous membranes; drinking contaminated water |
CycleCycle - Original textSnail–human–snail. Infected humans shed eggs into the water, which hatch into larvae (miracidia) that enter snails and develop into motile larvae (cercariae). The cercariae are shed into the water and penetrate the skin of humans with water contact. Cercariae enter the bloodstream and settle in the liver, where they grow into adult male and female worms that migrate to the abdominal veins, mate, and produce eggs. Snails are infectious for up to 3 months, humans for 10 years or more. | snail–human–snail. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textUsually 14–84 days for acute schistosomiasis (Katayama syndrome); chronic schistosomiasis can be asymptomatic for a long period, months to years. | Usually 14–84 days for acute schistosomiasis |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textKatayama syndrome is an acute form of schistosomiasis, caused by the host immune response to developing larvae and early egg production and presents with nocturnal fever, cough, myalgia, headache, and abdominal pain. Katayama syndrome is more common among infected nonimmune individuals (e.g. travelers) and relatively rare among local residentswith exposure since childhood. S. japonicum causes intestinal schistosomiasis with: diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, hepatosplenomegaly. Chronic infection leads to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, anemia, and altered growth and cognitive development in infected children; seizures due to egg granulomas in brain or spinal cord. Infection does not produce full immunity, so reinfection occurs. S.mekongi causes similar, but milder, disease compared to S. japonicum. | s. japonicum causes intestinal schistosomiasis with: diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, hepatosplenomegaly. chronic infection leads to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, anemia, and altered growth and cognitive development in infected children; seizures due to egg granulomas in brain or spinal cord. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textMicroscopy for eggs in stool samples; quantification of eggs by Kato–Katz method; PCR. | microscopy for eggs in stool samples; quantification of eggs by kato–katz method; pcr. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textPraziquantel is the drug of choice for all. | praziquantel is the drug of choice for all. |
PreventionPrevention - Original textAccess to clean water and sanitation; protective clothing (rubber boots and gloves) for those with occupational exposure; after accidental exposure, dry the skin and apply 70% alcohol; mollusciciding. Replace water buffaloes by tractors, and livestock management like fencing off water buffaloes. | access to clean water and sanitation; protective clothing (rubber boots and gloves) for those with occupational exposure; after accidental exposure, dry the skin and apply 70% alcohol; |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textApproximately 1 million people are infected with Schistosoma spp. in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, and the Philippines. Schistosomiasis has been eliminated from Japan and the burden has been greatly reduced in China through extensive control efforts. Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease, that mainly affects rural agricultural and fishing communities. Higher disease prevalence rates in endemic regions are found close to large irrigation projects or dams. S. japonicum is found in China, Philippines, and Indonesia. In Indonesia, schistosomiasis is confined to two endemic areas in Central Sulawesi. S. mekongi is found in the Mekong River area of Cambodia and Laos, and has also been detected in Thailand. S. malayensis has only been reported from Malaysia and is a rare cause of human disease. | approximately 1 million people are infected with schistosoma spp. in cambodia, china, lao pdr, and the philippines. higher disease prevalence rates in endemic regions are found close to large irrigation projects or dams. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |