Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textRickettsioses, Tick-borne, Old World | Rickettsioses, Tick-borne, Old World |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 082; ICD-10 A77 | ICD-9 082; ICD-10 A77 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textMediterranean spotted fever (MSF), Israeli spotted fever (ISF), Siberian or North Asian tick typhus (STT/ NATT), Queensland tick typhus (QTT), Japanese or Oriental spotted fever (JSF/OSF), Astrakhan fever (AF), African tick bite fever (ATBF), Flinders Island spotted fever (FISF), Indian tick typhus (ITT), Boutonneuse fever. | mediterranean spotted fever (msf), israeli spotted Fever (isf), siberian or north asian tick typhus (stt/ natt), queensland tick typhUS (qtt), japanese or oriental spotted fever(jsf/osf), astrakhan fever (af), african tick bite fever (atbf), flinders island spotted fever |
AgentAgent - Original textRickettsia aeschlimannii, R. africae (ATBF), R. australis (QTT), R. conorii caspia (AF), R. conorii conorii (MSF), R. conorii indica (ITT), R. conorii israelensis (ISF), R. helvetica, R. honei (FISF), R. japonica (JSF/OSF), R. massiliae, R. sibirica (STT/ NATT), Gram-negative intracellular bacilli. New agents are still being discovered regularly. | rickettsia aeschlimannii, r. africae (atbf), r. australis (qtt), r |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textHard ticks (Ixodidae). Depending on the tick species, they can acquire infection via feeding on animals with rickettsemia, or via venereal, transovarial, and transstadial passage. Animals preferred for feeding varies by tick species and their life stage. Hosts include dogs, rodents, and other animals. | hard ticks (ixodidae). |
VectorVector - Original textHard ticks (Ixodidae). The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), the principal vector of MSF, ISF, ITT, and AF, is most active during spring and summer, has a low human affinity, and prefers dogs in a peridomestic environment. The southern African bont tick (Amblyomma hebraeum) and A. africanum are the principal vectors of R. africae in southern Africa. A. hebraeum is an aggressive, human-biting tick and has high rates of rickettsia infection, and ATBF cases therefore often occur in clusters. See key references for further reading on ticks and tick-borne rickettsioses. | hard ticks (ixodidae). |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy tick bite or crushing an infected tick or its feces into a break in the skin or mucous membrane. Also by blood transfusion and, in the laboratory, aerosol. | by tick bite or crushing an infected tick or its feces into a break in the skin or mucous membrane. also by blood transfusion and, in the laboratory, aerosol. |
CycleCycle - Original textThere is a natural cycle between ticks and animals with humans as accidental host. | there is a natural cycle between ticks and animals with humans as accidental host. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textVaries by agent but is generally 7 days with a range from 1 to 15 days. | Varies by agent but is generally 7 days with a range from 1 to 15 days. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textBoutonneuse fever (group name for R.conorii infections: MSF, ISF, ITT), QTT and STT/NATT: mild febrile illness that may last up to 2 weeks, eschar at bite site with regional lymphadenopathy (in ISF, eschars are rare), generalized maculopapular erythematous rash on palms on soles after 4–5 days. The disease can be severe with a CFR up to 3%. ATBF is milder than other rickettsioses, fever and rash are less common, multiple eschars may be present with regional lymphadenopathy. | mild febrile illness that may last up to 2 weeks, eschar at bite site with regional lymphadenopathy (in isf, eschars are rare), generalized maculopapular erythematous rash on palms on soles after 4–5 days. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textPCR on blood or skin biopsy, or IFA on the latter. Serology is unspecific due to cross-reactivity. | pcr on blood or skin biopsy, or ifa on the latter. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textDoxycycline is the treatment of choice. Generally, treatment is continued for at least 3 days after the patient is afebrile. | doxycycline is the treatment of choice. |
PreventionPrevention - Original textSearch for ticks on the whole body daily and remove them without crushing. Use tick repellent on skin and an acaricide on clothing. | search for ticks on the whole body daily and remove them without crushing. use tick repellent on skin and an acaricide on clothing. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textEcological characteristics of the ticks influence the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses. In 1910, the first case of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) R. conorii was considered to be the only agent of tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsioses in Europe and Africa. Similarly, R. sibirica was thought to be the only agent in Russia and China and R. australis in Australia. The reason for this was that diagnosis was made by serologic testing, which cross-reacts with other rickettsial species. Due to improved diagnostics, particularly molecular, the understanding of rickettsioses has increased, and new agents are being found regularly. Multiple distinct tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsioses are recognized. The name of the agent informs us where the agent was initially found, but most agents have a more widespread distribution. | the name of the agent informs us where the agent was initially found, but most agents have a more widespread distribution. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |