Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textRickettsioses, Tick-borne, New World | Rickettsioses, Tick-borne, New World |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 082.0; ICD-10 A77.0 | ICD-9 082.0; ICD-10 A77.0 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textRocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), North American tick typhus, New World spotted fever, Tick-borne or tick typhus, Tobia fever (Colombia), Sao Paulo fever or ‘febre maculosa’ (Brazil), and fiebre manchada (Mexico). | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), north american tick typhus, new world spotted fever, tick-borne or tick typhu, tobia fever (colombia), sao paulo fever or ‘febre maculosa’ (brazil), and fiebre manchada (mexico). |
AgentAgent - Original textRickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri and R. africae, Gramnegative intracellular bacilli. R. rickettsii is the agent of RMSF, R. parkeri causes a RMSF-like illness. R. africae causes African tick bite fever and is rarely found in the new world. New agents are still being discovered regularly. | rickettsia rickettsii, r. parkeri and r. africae |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textHard ticks (Ixodidae). Depending on the tick species, they can acquire infection via feeding on animals with rickettsemia, or via venereal, transovarial, and trans-stadial passage. Animals preferred for feeding varies by tick species and their life stage.Rodent hosts include ground squirrels, mice, and voles. | hard ticks (ixodidae). |
VectorVector - Original textThe Ixodid ticks are both vector and reservoir. Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor andersoni and D. variabilis (American dog tick) in Canada and the USA, Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Mexico and Central America, and A. cajennense from the southern states of the USA southwards as far as Argentina. D. variabilis is the primary vector for RMSF in the USA. A. maculatum is the main vector of R. parkeri in North America and A. triste in South America. | the ixodid ticks are both vector and reservoir. amblyomma americanum, dermacentor andersoni and d. variabilis (american dog tick) in canada and the usa, rhipicephalus sanguineus in mexico and central america, and a. cajennense from the southern states of the wea southwards as far as argentina. |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy tick bite or crushing an infected tick or its feces into a break in the skin or mucous membrane. Also by blood transfusion and, in the laboratory, aerosol. | by tick bite or crushing an infected tick or its feces into a break in the skin or mucous membrane. also by blood transfusion and, in the laboratory, aerosol. |
CycleCycle - Original textTick–vertrebrate–tick with humans as accidental host. Animals preferred for feeding depends on tick species and their life stage. | tick–vertrebrate–tick with humans as accidental host. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original text2–14 days (usually 5–7). | 2–14 days (usually 5–7). |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textRMSF and R. parkeri rickettsiosis are characterized by fever, myalgia, malaise, headache, and a maculopapular eruption that can involve the palms or soles. R. parkeri rickettsiosis is milder than RMSF, and often does not require hospitalization. RMSF cases may progress and develop stupor, delirium, ataxia, or coma; RMSF CFR is about 7%. Untreated RMSF is often progressive with a CFR of 20%, which is not the case for untreated R. parkeri rickettsiosis. Most ( > 90%) R. parkeri cases have an eschar, which is rare in RMSF. GI symptoms are common in RMSF and rare in R. parkeri disease. | rmsf and r. parkeri rickettsiosis are characterized by fever, myalgia, malaise, headache, and a maculopapular eruption |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textPCR on blood or skin biopsy, or IFA on the latter. Serology is unspecific due to cross-reactivity. Until recently, R. parkeri cases were misdiagnosed as RMSF. | pcr on blood or skin biopsy, or ifa on the latter. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textDoxycycline is the treatment of choice. Generally, treatment is continued for at least 3 days after the patient is afebrile. | doxycycline is the treatment of choice. |
PreventionPrevention - Original textSearch for ticks on the whole body daily and remove them without crushing. Use tick repellent on skin and an acaricide on clothing. There is no effective vaccine. | search for ticks on the whole body daily and remove them without crushing. use tick repellent on skin and an acaricide on clothing. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textThe distribution of RMSF and R. parkeri rickettsiosis is limited by the tick vector distribution. Average annual RMSF incidence of the disease in the USA was 2.2 cases per million between 1997 and 2002, and approximately 250–1,200 cases are reported each year. Many cases of RMSF may actually have been caused by other rickettsial agents, as was seen with R. parkeri. Many rickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity are present in ticks and new disease causing agents are still being discovered. RMSF in the USA follows a seasonal pattern with most cases in warmer months, when ticks are most active. RMSF cases are usually found in rural areas, and less commonly in urban areas. Residing in wooded regions or areas with high grass and exposure to dogs increases the risk of RMSF. RMSF is sporadic and rarely occurs in clusters. | rmsf cases are usually found in rural areas, and less commonly in urban areas. residing in wooded regions or areas with high grass and exposure to dogs increases the risk of rmsf. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |