Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textMalaria, Plasmodium knowlesi | Malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 84.4; IDC-10 B53.1 | ICD-9 84.4; IDC-10 B53.1 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textKnowlesi malaria, simian malaria | knowlesi malaria, simian malaria |
AgentAgent - Original textPlasmodium knowlesi, an intacellular protozoan parasite in the Phylum Apicomplexa. P. knowlesi is an Old World simian malaria parasite. | plasmodium knowlesi |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textLong-tailed and pigtailed macaques, and banded leaf monkeys. P. knowlesi can also infect other primates, including New World marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), African olive baboons (Papio anubis), Old World macaques, and humans by blood passage and mosquito bites. | long-tailed and pigtailed macaques, and banded leaf monkeys. |
VectorVector - Original textP. knowlesi transmission is restricted to the Leucosphyrus group of anophelines, consisting of 20 species. | p. knowlesi transmission is restricted to the leucosphyrus group of anophelines |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy mosquito bite. Experiments demonstrated human to human transmission with the mosquito as vector, but there is no direct human-to-human transmission. | by mosquito bite. |
CycleCycle - Original textMonkey–mosquito–monkey; P. knowlesi has a short (24-hour) asexual lifeycle; humans are incidental hosts. | monkey–mosquito–monkey; p. knowlesi |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textAbout 12 days. | About 12 days. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textHeadache, fever, chills. Abdominal pain, renal impairment, jaundice, and thrombocytopenia may occur. Coma and death are rare. | headache, fever, chills. abdominal pain, renal impairment, jaundice, and thrombocytopenia may occur. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textOften misidentified as P. malariae, but skilled microscopists are able to make the distinction. A relatively severe illness with a microscopic diagnosis of P. malariae should alert clinicians to the possibility of P. knowlesi because P. malariae malaria is almost invariably mild. Species can be confirmed by PCR if needed. | p. malariae malaria is almost invariably mild. species can be confirmed by pcr if needed. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textChloroquine is effective; primaquine is likely unnecessary as a gametocidal drug since gametocytes appear to be sensitive to chloroquine. | chloroquine is effective |
PreventionPrevention - Original textEarly detection and containment of human-to-human P. knowlesi transmission in the event of a complete emergence into the human population; vector control; antimosquito measures. | early detection; vector control; antimosquito measures. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textThe first human P. knowlesi case acquired in nature was detected in 1965 in Malaysia. P. knowlesi malaria is widely distributed across Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysian Borneo and extends to the state of Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia. P. knowlesi malaria cases have also been acquired in Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore, and the Philippines. The distribution and incidence of P. knowlesi malaria is yet unknown. Bases on current knowledge on the vector and reservoir, human knowlesi malaria is likely not rare in areas inhabited by the natural macaque hosts and the vectors. Humans working in the vicinity of forests are considered at risk. Deforestation now also brings humans in semi-urban areas into contact with reservoir hosts. Interestingly, P. knowlesi has been used in the past as a pyretic agent for the treatment of patients with neurosyphilis. | p. knowlesi malaria is widely distributed across sarawak and sabah in malaysian borneo and extends to the state of pahang in peninsular malaysia. p.knowlesi malaria cases have also been acquired in thailand, myanmar, singapore, and the philippines. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |