Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textMalaria, Plasmodium falciparum | Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 084; ICD-10 B50 | ICD-9 084; ICD-10 B50 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textFalciparum malaria, malaria tropica, tropical fever, blackwater fever, paludism, marsh fever. | falciparum malaria, malaria tropica, tropical fever, blackwater fever, paludism, marsh fever. |
AgentAgent - Original textPlasmodium falciparum, an intracellular protozoan parasite in the Phylum Apicomplexa. Among the malaria parasites, P. falciparum causes the vast majority of mortality. | plasmodium falciparum |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textHumans. | humans. |
VectorVector - Original textMosquito (Anopheles spp.), mainly bites between dusk and dawn (see Anopheles map). | mosquito (anopheles spp.) |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy mosquito bite (Anopheles spp.). Transmission has been described in needle sharing IVDUs and through blood transfusion. | by mosquito bite (anopheles spp.) |
CycleCycle - Original textThere is an asexual phase in humans and a sexual phase in the vector mosquito. The mosquito injects sporozoites that invade human liver cells where they reproduce and develop to merozoites, which, after release, infect erythrocytes. The erythrocytic stages multiply around 10-fold every 48-hours. Erythrocytes can release gametocytes which infect mosquitoes during a blood meal. In the mosquito, gametocytes develop into sporozoites. | there is an asexual phase in humans and a sexual phase in the vector mosquito. the mosquito injects sporozoites that invade human liver cells. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original text7 to 15 days, but can be longer. | 7 to 15 days, but can be longer. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textUncomplicated malaria: acute febrile illness with headache, chills, sweats, nausea, and vomiting; hepatosplenomegaly. Findings of severe malaria can be: cerebral malaria (confusion, seizures, impaired consciousness to coma), hemolysis, severe anemia, hypotension, renal failure, metabolic acidosis and death. Often high parasite counts are found in patients with severe malaria ( > 5% infected erythrocytes). | uncomplicated malaria: acute febrile illness with headache, chills, sweats, nausea, and vomiting; hepatosplenomegaly. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textLight microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears; rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on immunochromatography on blood; PCR. | light microscopy of giemsa stained; rapid diagnostic tests (rdts); pcr |
TherapyTherapy - Original textMalaria requires urgent treatment and type of treatment depends on disease severity and drug resistance in the region. Artemisinin resistance has been confirmed in the Thai–Cambodian border region. Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria: artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs); the choice of ACTs is based on the resistance levels of the partner medicine in the combination. Artemisinin and its derivatives should not be used as monotherapy. Severe malaria: artesunate iv or im; complete treatment with an ACT or artesunate plus doxycycline or clindamycin. | malaria requires urgent treatment and type of treatment depends on disease severity and drug resistance in the region. severe malaria: artesunate iv or im; complete treatment with an act or artes unate plus doxycycline or clindamycin. uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria |
PreventionPrevention - Original textVector control; mosquito repellent; insecticidetreated bed nets; residual spraying of insecticides; treatment of infected humans. Recently control measures are being upscaled in a malaria elimination effort. Morocco, United Arab Emirates, and Turkmenistan have been certified malaria free by WHO. | vector control; mosquito repellent; insecticidetreated bed nets; residual spraying of insecticides; treatment of infected humans. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textThe limits of P. falciparum malaria is determined by the presence of vector species and control measures within a certain region. P. falciparum malaria causes approximately 500 million cases each year and around one million deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2007 almost 60% of the 2.4 billion people at risk of malaria were living in areas with a stable risk of P. falciparum. High endemicity was most common and widespread in the African region. In the Americas, those at risk were all in the low endemicity class. In Asia 88% are in the low endemicity class, 11% in the intermediate class, and 1% in the high endemicity class. Recent progress is being made by the Global Malaria Action Plan to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality world wide and have a vision for malaria elimination. Ranking countries on the possibility of elimination shows that it is most feasible in the Americas and several countries in Asia and the west Pacific. It is least feasible in Africa, where much of west and central Africa need more than 90% reduction in transmission. | p. falciparum malaria causes approximately 500 million cases each year and around one million deaths in sub-saharan africa. high endemicity was most common and widespread in the african region. ranking countries on the possibility of elimination shows that it is most feasible in the americas and several countries in asia and the west pacific. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |