Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textLeishmaniasis, Cutaneous and Mucosal, Old World | Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous and Mucosal, Old World |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 085; ICD-10 B55 | ICD-9 085; ICD-10 B55 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textCutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (CL): Aleppo evil, Baghdad boil, Delhi boil, Oriental sore, Delhi boil, and others. | cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (cl): aleppo evil, baghdad boil, delhi boil, oriental sore, delHI boil, and others. |
AgentAgent - Original textLeishmania species, protozoa, members of the Trypanosomatidae family, order Kinetoplastida. Leishmania species that cause CL in the old world are: Leishmania major, L. tropica, and L. aethiopica. L. killicki is synonymous to L. tropica. L. infantum/chagasi and L. donovani can cause both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. L. chagasi is considered the same species as L. infantum, and are referred to as L. infantum/chagasi. | leishmania species: leishmania major, l. tropica, and l. aethiopica. |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textWild rodents (gerbils) that live in burrows together with sandfly vector. Hyraxes for L. aethiopica. | wild rodents (gerbils) |
VectorVector - Original textFemale phlebotomine sandflies (Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, P.chadaudi, P. longipes, P. pedifer) | female phlebotomine sandflies (phle botomus papatasi, p. sergenti,p.chadaudi, p., longipes, p, pedifer) |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy bite of an infected phlebotomine sandfly. | by bite of an infected phlebotomine sandfly. |
CycleCycle - Original textDuring bloodmeal, the sandfly ingests infected blood with amastigotes. The amastigotes develop to motile promastigotes that multiply in the sandfly gut, and finally motile promastigotes travel to the mouth parts and are injected into another host during feeding. In the host cell the promastigotes develop into amastigotes. | during bloodmeal, the sandfly ingests infected blood with amastigotes. in the host cell the promastigote develop into amastgotes. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textVaries from a week to several months. | Varies from a week to several months. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textMainly presents as a dry skin lesion that is covered with a crust and is smaller than the classic wet leishmania skin lesions in the New World. Lesions may persist for months or years. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis may be seen with L. aethiopica; leishmaniasis recidivans may be seen with L. tropica. Mucosal leishmaniasis is rare in the Old World, and more common in the Americas. | mainly presents as a dry skin lesion that is covered with a crust. lesions may persist for months or years. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textDemonstration of intracellular amastigotes in Giemsa stained slit skin smear or biopsy specimen by microscopy; PCR tests have been developed for the different Leishmania species; culture of promastigotes with special media is laborious and requires experience. The Montenegro skin test is simple, sensitive and specific, but does not aid in differentiating between past and present infections. | biopsy specimen by microscopy; pcr tests have been developed for the different leishmania species; culture of promastigotes with special media |
TherapyTherapy - Original textIntravenous, intramuscular, and intralesional application of pentavalent antimonials; also miltefosine is being tested for its efficacy. Topical treatment options are: paramomycin, ketoconazole, and thermotherapy. | intravenous, intramuscular, and intralesional application of pentavalent antimonials; also miltefosine |
PreventionPrevention - Original textPersonal protection from sandfly bites (e.g. protective clothing, insecticide-treated bednets, residual insecticide of breeding places). There is no vaccine for human use. | personal protection from sandfly bites (e.g. protective clothing, insecticide-treated bednets, residual insecticide of breeding places). |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textWorld wide there are approximately 1.5 million new cases of CL per year, with most cases reported from Afghanistan, Algeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Syria in the Old World. The highest burden of CL in the Old Word is in rural semi-arid and desert regions, but transmission is being increasingly seen in peri-urban and urban environments. Disease prevalence increases with age and then plateaus, likely due to acquired immunity. Clusters of leishmaniasis are seen in households, which is likely related to the short flight range of sandflies. | most cases reported from afghanistan, algeria, pakistan, saudi arabia, and syria in the old world. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |