Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textLeishmaniasis, Cutaneous and Mucosal, New World | Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous and Mucosal, New World |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 085; ICD-10 B55 | ICD-9 085; ICD-10 B55 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textCutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (CL): Espundia, Uta, Chiclero ulcer, forest yaws. | cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (cl): espundia, uta, chiclero ulcer, forest yaws. |
AgentAgent - Original textLeishmania species, protozoa, members of the Trypanosomatidae family, order Kinetoplastida. Based on development characteristics in the sandfly, Leishmania species are classified into the subgenera Viannia and Leishmania, within which there are various species complexes. Leishmania species causing (muco)cutaneous disease in the Americas are: L. (Viannia) braziliensis (espundia), L. (Viannia) colombiensis, L. (Leishmania) mexicana (chiclero ulcer), L. (Leishmania) pifanoi, L. (Viannia) liansoni, L. (Leishmania) garnhami, L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) panamensis, L. (Viannia) guyanensis (forest yaws), and L. (Viannia) peruviana (Uta). L. infantum/ chagasi can cause both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. L. chagasi is considered to be the same species as L. infantum, and will be referred to as L. infantum/chagasi. | leishmania species are classified into the subgenera viannia and leishmania, within which there are various species complexes. |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textMainly rodents and other sylvatic mammals. Canines are a reservoir for L. infantum/chagasi and possible reservoir for L. (Viannia) spp. | mainly rodents and other sylvatic mammals. |
VectorVector - Original textFemale phlebotomine sandflies (Lutzomyia spp.). | female phlebotomine sandflies (lutzomyia spp.) |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy bite of an infected phlebotomine sandfly. | by bite of an infected phlebotomine sandfly. |
CycleCycle - Original textDuring bloodmeal, the sandfly ingests infected blood with amastigotes. The amastigotes develop to motile promastigotes that multiply in the sandfly gut, and finally motile promastigotes travel to the mouth parts and are injected into another host during feeding. In the host cell the promastigotes develop into amastigotes. | during bloodmeal, the sandfly ingests infected blood with amastigotes. in the host cell the promastigote develop into amastgotes. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textVaries from one week to several months. | Varies from one week to several months. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textPainless cutaneous lesions appear at the site of sandfly bite and typically these develop into ulcers with a raised border. Occasionally nodular and rarely verrucous lesions. Multiple lesions and regional lymphadenopathy may be present. Lesions may resolve spontaneously or remain for several months to years. Rarely dissemination to mucosa occurs of the upper respiratory tract with local tissue destruction leading to disfigurement (most often by L. braziliensis, known as espundia), with risk of severe and sometimes fatal secondary infections. | painless cutaneous lesions appear at the site of sandfly bite and typically these develop into ulcers with a raised border. occasionally nodular and rarely verrucous lesions. multiple lesions and regional lymphadenopathy may be present. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textDemonstration of intracellular amastigotes in Giemsa stained slit skin smear or biopsy specimen by microscopy; PCR tests have been developed for the different Leishmania species; culture of promastigotes with special media is laborious and requires experience. The Montenegro skin test is simple, sensitive and specific, but does not aid in differentiating between past and present infections. | biopsy specimen by microscopy; pcr tests have been developed for the different leishmania species; culture of promastigotes with special media |
TherapyTherapy - Original textSystemic treatment to prevent dissemination with pentavalent antimonials. Depending on the infecting Leishmania species, alternative systemic treatment can be administered with: amphotericin B, pentamidine, or miltefosine. Topical treatment options are: paramomycin, ketoconazole, and thermotherapy. | systemic treatment to prevent dissemination with pentavalent antimonials. |
PreventionPrevention - Original textPersonal protection from sandfly bites (e.g. protective clothing, insecticide-treated bednets, residual insecticiding of breeding places). | personal protection from sandfly bites (e.g. protective clothing, insecticide-treated bednets, residual insecticiding of breeding places). |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textThe highest global burden of CL is in the Old World. In the Americas, Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru have the highest burden of CL. In the New World, CL mainly occurs in forested areas, whereas in the Old World it is associated with semi-arid and desert regions. Transmision can also occur in deforested areas. Disease mainly occurs in those living or working in the forests of endemic areas. Outbreaks can occur during military training in the jungle or infrastructural projetcs in endemic areas. Also, travelers acquire the disease during visits to rural or jungle regions. Disease prevalence increases with age and then plateaus, likely due to acquired immunity. Clusters of leishmaniasis are seen in households, which is probably related to the short flight range of sandflies. | the highest global burden ofcl is in the old world. in the americas, bolivia, brazil, and peru have the highest burden of cl. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |