Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textJapanese Encephalitis | Japanese Encephalitis |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 062.0; ICD-10 A83.0 | ICD-9 062.0; ICD-10 A83.0 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textJapanese B encephalitis. | japanese b encephalitis. |
AgentAgent - Original textJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA flavivirus. It is divided into five antigenic groups and four genotypes, whichmay belinked to differences in virulence. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textWading birds (Ardeidae) and domestic pigs which amplify the virus asymptomatically; mosquitoes by transovarial transmission and possibly overwintering adults. | wading birds (ardeidae) and domestic pigs; mosquitoes by transovarial transmission and possibly overwintering adults. |
VectorVector - Original textMosquito species that breedin rice fields and marshes, principally Culex tritaenorhynchus group; also C. gelidus and C. vishnui. | mosquito species |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textBy mosquito bite. | by mosquito bite. |
CycleCycle - Original textOnly ardeid birds and pigs have a sufficient viremia to infect mosquitoes. The mosquito picks up the virus from the blood of a viremic host. After a few days, the virus reaches the salivary glands and is injected into the next host when bitten. Humans are incidental and dead-end hosts as viremia does not reach sufficient levels to infect mosquitoes. | only ardeid birds and pigs have a sufficient viremia to infect mosquitoes. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original text6–16 days. | 6–16 days. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textHigh fever with headache, chills, neck stiffness, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting developing into aseptic meningitis or encephalitis with disorientation, coma, seizures, spastic paralysis, drowsiness, and stupor. Death occurs from respiratory complications or seizures. The case fatality rate is around 20%, but can be as high as 60%; 30% of those who survive suffer lasting damage to the central nervous system. | high fever with headache, chills, neck stiffness, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting developing into aseptic meningitis or encephalitis with disorientation, coma, seizures, spastic paralysis, drowsiness, and stupor. death occurs from respiratory complications or seizures. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textSerology: IgM capture ELISA on serum or CSF; antibodies can be detected in CSF after 4 days of disease onset, and in serum after 7 days. Virus isolation or viral RNA detection by RT-PCR are insensitive. | igm capture elisa on serum or csf; antibodies can be detected in csf after 4 days of disease onset, and in serum after 7 days. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textSupportive, there is no specific treatment. | supportive |
PreventionPrevention - Original textVarious vaccines are available; personal antimosquito precautions; intermittent irrigation of rice fields disrupts vector breeding; vaccination of pigs reduces amplification. | various vaccines are available; personal antimosquito precautions; intermittent irrigation of rice fields disrupts vector breeding; vaccination of pigs reduces amplification. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textJEV is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia: 35,000 to 50,000 cases are reported annually but this believed to be a significant underestimate of the true disease burden. 20–30% die and 30–50% of survivors have neurologic or psychiatric sequelae. It is epidemic in temperate parts of Asia, linked to the seasonal occurrence of mosquitoes, and endemic in tropical regions of Asia due to the year-round mosquito activity. Intensification and expansion of irrigated rice production systems in South and Southeast Asia over the past 20 years have had an important impact on the disease burden caused by Japanese encephalitis, since the vectors breed in rice fields. The vectors prefer non-human hosts, but do feed on humans in periods of peak activity. The disease is mainly seen in children under the age of 15 and the elderly, since most adults are immune from earlier infection; peak age is 3–5 years. The range of JE virus has recently expanded into the Torres Strait of northern Australia, but the disease is rare in western Pacific islands. | jev is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia: 35,000 to 50,000 cases are reported annually but this believed to be a significant underestimate of the true disease burden. it is epidemic in temperate parts of asia, linked to the seasonal occurrence of mosquitoes, and endemic in tropical regions of asa due to the year-round mosquito activity. the range of je virus has recently expanded into the torres strait of northern australia, but the disease is rare in western pacific islands. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNaN | - |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |