Thesis Supervisor 1 Retno Aulia Vinarti, S.Kom., M.Kom., Ph.D.
Thesis Supervisor 2 Renny Pradina, S.T., M.T.
App and Design by Muhammad Rasyad Caesarardhi
Data processed and summarized using Bringing Order to Abstractive Summarization paper
Original data provided by Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases
| Subjects | Quick Description (AI) |
|---|---|
DiseaseDisease - Original textClonorchiasis | Clonorchiasis |
ClassificationClassification - Original textICD-9 121.1; ICD-10 B66.1 | ICD-9 121.1; ICD-10 B66.1 |
Syndromes and synonymsSyndromes and synonyms - Original textChinese liver fluke, Oriental liver fluke. | chinese liver fluke, oriental liver flukes. |
AgentAgent - Original textClonorchis sinensis, a trematode (fluke) 10–25 mm long and 3–5 mm wide. | clonorchis sinensis |
ReservoirReservoir - Original textPiscivorous (fish-eating) mammals, including: humans, dogs, cats, pigs, rats, and several species of wild animals. Humans can remain infected for several decades. | piscivorous (fish-eating) mammals |
VectorVector - Original textFreshwater operculate snails (mainly Parafossarulus sp. and Bithynia sp.). | freshwater operculate snails (mainly parafossarulus sp. and bithynia sp.) |
TransmissionTransmission - Original textConsumption of raw or undercooked infected freshwater fish, mainly Cyprinidae (carp and minnows) or shrimp. | consumption of raw or undercooked infected freshwater fish |
CycleCycle - Original textFish-eating mammals (including humans) shed C. sinensis eggs into the environment that are ingested by snails, where they develop into cercariae. The motile cercariae are released into water and infect freshwater fish and encyst in meat and skin as metacercariae. When ingested by mammals, the metacercariae migrate into the bile ducts where they develop into adult flukes that produce and excrete eggs into feces. The cycle takes approximately 3 months. | fish-eating mammals (including humans) shed c. sinensis eggs into the environment that are ingested by snails, where they develop into cercariae. the motile cercariane are released into water and infect freshwater fish and encyst in meat and skin as metacercariaes. |
Incubation periodIncubation period - Original textDepends on infecting dose. Larvae reach adult fluke stage in less than one month. | Depends on infecting dose. Larvae reach adult fluke stage in less than one month. |
Clinical findingsClinical findings - Original textLoss of appetite, epigastric discomfort, rarely jaundice due to bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, liver enlargement, ascites and edema. After years of chronic infection there is a risk of cholangiocarcinoma. | loss of appetite, epigastric discomfort, rarely jaundice due to bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, liver enlargement, ascites and edema. |
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests - Original textVisualizing characteristic eggs in feces or duodenal fluid by microscopy. | visualizing characteristic eggs in feces or duodenal fluid by microscopy. |
TherapyTherapy - Original textPraziquantel; surgery in case of biliary obstruction. | praziquantel; surgery in case of biliary obstruction |
PreventionPrevention - Original textProper cooking, or freezing of fish at 20 C for 7 days destroys the parasite. Abandon use of human feces to fertilize fish ponds. | proper cooking, or freezing of fish at 20 c for 7 days destroys the parasite. abandon use of human feces to fertilize fish ponds. |
EpidemiologyEpidemiology - Original textClonorchiasis is the most common liver fluke in humans. Estimates show that approximately 35 million people are infected world wide, of which 15 million are in China. In endemic areas, the highest prevalence is in adults over 30 years of age. The intensity of human infection depends on the eating habits of the population. In Asia, eating raw fish is common together with alcohol consumption and, therefore, men are more often infected than women. The incidence is low in children. In China the prevalence in some regions is increasing, probably due to increased consumption of raw freshwater fish. The geographical extent of the disease is determined by snail distribution, the eating habits of the local population, and contamination of freshwater with egg-containing feces. In southern China the disease is maintained by the practice of using human feces in carp raising ponds to promote plankton growth, on which the fish feed. In non-endemic areas it appears in Asian immigrants, and in people who consume raw, dried, smoked or pickled fish imported from endemic areas. | clonorchiasis is the most common liver fluke in humans. estimates show that approximately 35 million people are infected world wide, of which 15 million are in china. |
CommunicabilityCommunicability - Original textNone. | None. |
Prepatent periodPrepatent period - Original textNaN | - |